Sensitive spectrophotometric method for determining methadone in biological specimens
Identifieur interne : 003B23 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003B22; suivant : 003B24Sensitive spectrophotometric method for determining methadone in biological specimens
Auteurs : Jack E. Wallace [États-Unis] ; Horace E. Hamilto [États-Unis] ; James T. Payte [États-Unis] ; Kenneth Blum [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [ 0022-3549 ] ; 1972-09.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Absorbance, Alkaline permanganate oxidation, Aqueous layer, Barium, Barium acid, Barium acid oxidation, Barium peroxide, Benzophenone, Biological specimens, Blank absorbance, Chemical pharmacology, Drug dependence, Extraction efficiency, Heating mantles, Heptane, Hexane, Kier, Methadone, Methadone concentration, Methadone hydrochloride, Methadone oxidation product, Molar absorptivity, National academy, Optimum conditions, Oxidation product, Peroxide, Physiological salt solution, Preliminary extraction, Quantitative determination, Reflux, Research council, Sodium hydroxide, Spectrophotometric methods, Sulfuric, Sulfuric acid, Unchanged methadone, Urine.
Abstract
The extensive use of methadone for the treatment of opiate addiction increases significantly the need for quantitative determination of methadone in urine and tissues. Existing spectrophotometric methods are limited in sensitivity by the low molar absorptivity of this compound(λ = 554 in 0.1 N HCI, ∈ = 292 nm.). Results demonstrate that a markedly enhanced sensitivity may be achieved by oxidizing the methadone to benzophenone (λ = 18,713 in n‐heptane, ∈ = 247 nm.). Methadone is extracted into n‐hexane at an alkaline pH and then back‐extracted into dilute sulfuric acid. Refluxing the acid solution with barium peroxide and n‐heptane oxidizes the methadone to benzophenone, which is immediately extracted into the heptane. The heptane layer is removed and washed, and the benzophenone is measured spectrophotometrically. The method is sufficiently sensitive to quantitate therapeutic levels of methadone in small volumes of urine.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600610911
Affiliations:
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Payte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blum, Kenneth" sort="Blum, Kenneth" uniqKey="Blum K" first="Kenneth" last="Blum">Kenneth Blum</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C496276015EF6B94665A7D53CF8BD6ADD9E030A3</idno><date when="1972" year="1972">1972</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/jps.2600610911</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-JBC6S036-6/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002A92</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002A92</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">002A92</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">002865</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002865</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0022-3549:1972:Wallace J:sensitive:spectrophotometric:method</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003C03</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003B23</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003B23</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Sensitive spectrophotometric method for determining methadone in biological specimens</title><author><name sortKey="Wallace, Jack E" sort="Wallace, Jack E" uniqKey="Wallace J" first="Jack E." last="Wallace">Jack E. Wallace</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Forensic Toxicology Branch, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Books Air Force Base</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Correspondence address: Forensic Toxicology Branch, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Books Air Force Base</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilto, Horace E" sort="Hamilto, Horace E" uniqKey="Hamilto H" first="Horace E." last="Hamilto">Horace E. Hamilto</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Forensic Toxicology Branch, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Books Air Force Base</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Payte, James T" sort="Payte, James T" uniqKey="Payte J" first="James T." last="Payte">James T. Payte</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>San Antonio Free Clinic, San Antonio</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blum, Kenneth" sort="Blum, Kenneth" uniqKey="Blum K" first="Kenneth" last="Blum">Kenneth Blum</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio, San Antonio</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3549</idno><idno type="eISSN">1520-6017</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">61</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1397">1397</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1400">1400</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">4</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Washington</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1972-09">1972-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-3549</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-3549</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Absorbance</term><term>Alkaline permanganate oxidation</term><term>Aqueous layer</term><term>Barium</term><term>Barium acid</term><term>Barium acid oxidation</term><term>Barium peroxide</term><term>Benzophenone</term><term>Biological specimens</term><term>Blank absorbance</term><term>Chemical pharmacology</term><term>Drug dependence</term><term>Extraction efficiency</term><term>Heating mantles</term><term>Heptane</term><term>Hexane</term><term>Kier</term><term>Methadone</term><term>Methadone concentration</term><term>Methadone hydrochloride</term><term>Methadone oxidation product</term><term>Molar absorptivity</term><term>National academy</term><term>Optimum conditions</term><term>Oxidation product</term><term>Peroxide</term><term>Physiological salt solution</term><term>Preliminary extraction</term><term>Quantitative determination</term><term>Reflux</term><term>Research council</term><term>Sodium hydroxide</term><term>Spectrophotometric methods</term><term>Sulfuric</term><term>Sulfuric acid</term><term>Unchanged methadone</term><term>Urine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The extensive use of methadone for the treatment of opiate addiction increases significantly the need for quantitative determination of methadone in urine and tissues. Existing spectrophotometric methods are limited in sensitivity by the low molar absorptivity of this compound(λ = 554 in 0.1 N HCI, ∈ = 292 nm.). Results demonstrate that a markedly enhanced sensitivity may be achieved by oxidizing the methadone to benzophenone (λ = 18,713 in n‐heptane, ∈ = 247 nm.). Methadone is extracted into n‐hexane at an alkaline pH and then back‐extracted into dilute sulfuric acid. Refluxing the acid solution with barium peroxide and n‐heptane oxidizes the methadone to benzophenone, which is immediately extracted into the heptane. The heptane layer is removed and washed, and the benzophenone is measured spectrophotometrically. The method is sufficiently sensitive to quantitate therapeutic levels of methadone in small volumes of urine.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Texas</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Texas"><name sortKey="Wallace, Jack E" sort="Wallace, Jack E" uniqKey="Wallace J" first="Jack E." last="Wallace">Jack E. Wallace</name></region><name sortKey="Blum, Kenneth" sort="Blum, Kenneth" uniqKey="Blum K" first="Kenneth" last="Blum">Kenneth Blum</name><name sortKey="Hamilto, Horace E" sort="Hamilto, Horace E" uniqKey="Hamilto H" first="Horace E." last="Hamilto">Horace E. Hamilto</name><name sortKey="Payte, James T" sort="Payte, James T" uniqKey="Payte J" first="James T." last="Payte">James T. Payte</name><name sortKey="Wallace, Jack E" sort="Wallace, Jack E" uniqKey="Wallace J" first="Jack E." last="Wallace">Jack E. 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